Social classes must be distinguished from status groups the former are based primarily upon economic interests, while the latter are constituted by evaluations of the honour or prestige of an occupation, cultural position, or family descent. Although the term class has been applied to social groups in a wide range of societies, including ancient city-states, early empires, and caste or feudal societies, it is most usefully confined to the social divisions in modern societies, particularly industrialized ones. Feudal distinctions of rank were declining in importance, and the new social groups that were developing-the commercial and industrial capitalists and the urban working class in the new factories-were defined mainly in economic terms, either by the ownership of capital or, conversely, by dependence on wages. This usage reflected changes in the structure of western European societies after the industrial and political revolutions of the late 18th century. The term class first came into wide use in the early 19th century, replacing such terms as rank and order as descriptions of the major hierarchical groupings in society. Besides being important in social theory, the concept of class as a collection of individuals sharing similar economic circumstances has been widely used in censuses and in studies of social mobility. Social class, also called class, a group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status.
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